单增李斯特菌在自然界中广泛存在，常见的污染食品为肉及肉制品、奶及奶制品、水产制品等，它可通过不洁食物传播经消化道感染，我国近年来食品安全监测风险结果显示，单增李斯特菌在生肉和即食食品中污染率最高。
单增李斯特菌的生命力非常顽强，它不但耐干燥，耐盐，更耐冷，在0-45℃都能生存，尤其在冷藏温度下仍可以生长繁殖，即使产品已经过热加工处理后充分灭活了单增李斯特氏菌，但有可能造成产品的二次污染，因此，蒸煮后防止二次污染是极为重要的。
本文英文部分来自美国FDA的“控制即食食品中的单增李斯特菌指南”（草稿），参考译文可能缺乏准确性，如您有更好的翻译或不同的见解，欢迎留言。
1 A packaging line is moved or modified significantly.
【参考译文】包装线被明显移动或改动。
2 Used equipment is brought from storage or another plant and installed into the process flow.
【参考译文】在生产过程中安装从仓库或其他工厂运来的使用过的设备。
3 An equipment breakdown occurs.
【参考译文】发生设备故障。
4 Construction or major modifications are made to an area where RTE foods are processed or exposed (e.g., replacing refrigeration units or floors, replacing or building walls, modifications to sewer lines).
【参考译文】在即食食品处理或暴露的生产区域进行施工或重大调整(例如更换制冷设备或地板，更换或建筑物墙壁，下水道改造)。
5 A new employee, unfamiliar with the operation and L. monocytogenes controls, has been hired to work in, or to clean equipment in， the area where RTE foods are processed or exposed.
【参考译文】一名对生产操作和单增李斯特菌防控不熟悉的新员工被安排在即食食物处理或暴露的生产区域工作，或者清洁设备。
6 Personnel who handle RTE foods touch surfaces or equipment likely to be contaminated (e.g., floor, trash cans) and do not change gloves or follow other required procedures before handling the food.
【参考译文】在处理食物之前，处理RTE食品的人员接触可能被污染的接触面或设备(例如，地板，垃圾桶)，而不更换手套或遵循其他要求的程序。
7 Periods of heavy production make it difficult to clean the floors of holding coolers as scheduled.
【参考译文】由于生产周期过长，导致难以及时按预定计划对放置制冷器的地板进行清洁。
8 A drain backs up.
【参考译文】下水道堵塞。
9Product is caught or hung-up on equipment. (Stagnant product in a system can be a major site of microbial growth during production.) .
【参考译文】产品被滞留或悬停在设备上(系统中停滞不前的产品可以是一个生产过程中微生物生长的重要场所。
10 Raw or under-processed foods are placed in an area designated for cooked foods.
【参考译文】生的或未加工的食物被放置在指定放置熟食的区域。
11 Frequent product changes on a packaging line cause you to change packaging film, labels, forming pockets or molds, line speeds, etc.
【参考译文】包装线上频繁的产品变化会导致包装膜、标签、成型袋或模具，生产线速度等的不断改变。
12 Personnel are used interchangeably for packaging raw and cooked foods.
【参考译文】员工可互换开展生食和熟食的包装。
13 Increased production causes you to perform wet cleaning of lines that have been taken down from production in the same room as lines that are running product.
【参考译文】产量增加导致在同一生产空间内，一部分生产线尚在作业时，已停产的生产线开始进行湿洗清洁。
14 Heat exchangers have become compromised (e.g., with pinholes).
【参考译文】热交换器已经疲劳(例如，带有缝隙)。
15 Equipment parts, tubs, screens, etc. are cleaned on the floor.
【参考译文】设备零部件、水桶、屏幕等在地板上进行清洁。
16 Waste bins in the RTE area are not properly maintained, cleaned and sanitized. 【参考译文】即食食品生产区域的垃圾箱没有得到适当的维护、清洁和消毒。
17 Personnel handling RTE foods come into contact with these items and then contaminate the foods and/or food contact surfaces.
【参考译文】处理即食食品的人员接触这些物品，然后污染食物和/或食物接触面。
18 Re-circulating pumps and lines are not cleaned and sanitized.
【参考译文】循环泵和管路没有清洗和消毒。
19 Indiscriminate use of high-pressure hoses in cleaning.
【参考译文】在清洗时不加选择地使用高压软管。
20 Inappropriate use of footbaths in dry processing areas.
【参考译文】在干燥的加工区域不恰当地使用鞋靴消毒池。
21 Water is sprayed on wheels on transport cars when in-process product is stored near the wheels.
【参考译文】水被喷洒到运输车辆的车轮上，而在制品就储存在车轮边。
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